Bariatric Surgery: The solution of Obesity surgery for Diabetes type 2

Diabetes is one of the most common medical conditions which affect more than 150 million people worldwide. Owing to the dynamic lifestyles of people nowadays, at least 90% of the people have Diabetes type 2 which is related to Obesity, overweight, family history, insufficient physical activity or old age.

Obesity is a medical condition that is related to diabetes and occurs when a person carries excess weight or body fat, so as affecting the person’s health. A medical expert would say a person with high Body Mass Index is Obese.

Types of Diabetes:

1. Diabetes Type 1- it is believed to be an autoimmune condition.
2. Diabetes Type 2- your body can’t use insulin efficiently.
3. Gestational- occurs only during pregnancy

Generally, metformin is the medication prescribed for type 2 diabetes. It works by improving the sensitivity of your body tissues to insulin so that your body uses insulin more effectively.

The most common amongst all is diabetes type 2. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include:

• having a sedentary lifestyle
• being overweight
• having had gestational diabetes or prediabetes

Although diabetes is traditionally viewed as a chronic, relentless disease in which delay of end-organ complications is the major treatment goal, bariatric surgery offers a novel endpoint: major improvement or even complete disease remission. For obesity, it is one of the most popular and safe methods. Evidence suggests that bariatric or metabolic surgery for obesity may lower death rates for severely obese patients, especially when coupled with healthy eating and lifestyle changes after surgery.

Though bariatric surgery for obesity or weight loss surgery includes a variety of procedures performed on people who are obese, the basic principle of weight loss is achieved by the following methods:

1. Sleeve Gastrectomy: Reducing the size of the stomach through removal of a portion of the stomach. This approach resulted in reduced surgical morbidity and mortality compared with the traditional one-stage approach highly obese patients. Unexpectedly, patients achieved remarkable weight loss after the first stage and SG.
2. RYGBP: This is the most common amongst all. By resecting and re-routing the small intestines to a small stomach pouch. After RYGBP, ingested food bypasses most of the stomach and the first part of the small intestine. (gastric bypass surgery)
3. Restricting food intake and decreasing the absorption of food in the stomach and intestines.

Results:

• Average 77 % of excess body weight is lost in one year after surgery
• A study shows that after 10 to 14 years, patients have maintained 60 % of excess body weight loss. A study of 500 patients showed that 96 % of physical problems were improved and resolved in some cases which mainly includes back pain, sleep apnea, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and depression.
• In most cases, patients report an early sense of fullness even by taking little food so that there will be no desire to take more food

Bariatric surgery can help in prevention of diabetes and helps weight loss through gastric bypass in obese patients. Also, non-diabetic patients can decrease their likelihood of developing diabetes by 60 percent.

One long-term study tracked 400 people with type 2 diabetes. Six years after bariatric surgery, 62% showed no signs of diabetes. They also had better blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels.

In a recent study, over 20,000 patients were examined. It revealed that 84% who underwent obesity surgery for diabetes experienced complete reversal of their type 2 diabetes.

Rapid improvement in blood sugars and reduction or elimination of diabetic medications is often seen within the immediate period following bariatric surgery for diabetes type 2.

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